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The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. Total Cards. What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals for the new family. The first release proved so popular there was a long delay in delivering systems on release. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? A commercial version of Alan Turing's Pilot ACE, called DEUCEthe Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine -- is used mostly for science and engineering problems and a few commercial applications. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. microprocessor/ processor. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. Get started for free! Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. The machine used up to 65,536 one-bit processors and could complete several billion operations per second. The success of the VAX family of computers transformed DEC into the second-largest computer company in the world, as VAX systems became the de facto standard computing system for industry, the sciences, engineering, and research. Subject. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. That goes back thousands of years, of course, and you can guess how they did it. Stored-program computer - Wikipedia After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. The Altair had no keyboard and could not be connected to a television screen. 1945: Memex Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. At its introduction, it was listed as the second fastest supercomputer in the world and this single system increased NASA's supercomputing capacity 10-fold. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. [2] What is microcomputer? | Definition from TechTarget The TI99/4 had a wide variety of expansion boards, with an especially popular speech synthesis system that could also be used with TI's Speak & Spell educational game. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. Microcomputer | Definition, Examples, Uses, & Facts | Britannica What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online? . IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). effects of word processing on students' handwriting. The ASCI Red, based on the design of the Intel Paragon, was built by IBM and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Chapter5.docx - CHAPTER 5 1. QUESTION 1 During the 1980s The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? Download now! service packs. Microcomputer - Wikipedia Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. MADDIDA was flown across the country for a demonstration to John von Neumann, who was impressed. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. 1951. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. These microcomputers were often sold as "DIY" kits or pre-built machines in relatively small numbers in the mid-1970s.These systems were primarily used for teaching the use of microprocessors and supporting peripheral devices, and unlike home computers were rarely used with pre-written application software. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. A special version, known as HARVEST, was developed for the US National Security Agency (NSA). The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? CS 130.132 - Microcomputer Software By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. While it did not sell well, the operating system, Be OS, retained a loyal following even after Be stopped producing hardware in 1997 after less than 2,000 machines were produced. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. A. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Free Flashcards about Chapter 1 OSystems - StudyStack History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - Wikipedia One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. C. microcomputer, an electronic device with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. high interaction between students and the teacher. The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. Dollars. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. The Model 650 was also highly popular in universities, where a generation of students first learned programming. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. The 470V/6 was the companys first product and ran the same software as IBM System/370 computers but cost less and was smaller and faster. VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. User interface Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. Chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. Dell dropped out of school to focus on his business and in 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? Dropout rates are higher in online courses. Quiz Chapters EME 4312 Flashcards | Quizlet What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. The banking industry rushed to adopt the machine, built to run during repair or expansion. Computer Science. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. Microprocessors from 1971 to the Present - InformIT Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. most important part of computer. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. Gene Amdahl, father of the IBM System/360, starts his own company, Amdahl Corporation, to compete with IBM in mainframe computer systems. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. When connected to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics for the time. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. The SSEC was one of the last of the generation of 'super calculators' to be built using electromechanical technology. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . The Mark 1 produced mathematical tables but was soon superseded by electronic stored-program computers. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. The Moore School Building at the University of Pennsylvania. The line was discontinued in 2014. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. By 2011, over 2.4 million laptops had been shipped. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. Its price was $2,500. Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. Developed by the Japanese government to create global climate models, the Earth Simulator is a massively parallel, vector-based system that costs nearly 60 billion yen (roughly $600 million at the time). The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. What software was the first available for microcomputers? True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? Microsoft Apps About 50,000 were sold in Britain, primarily to hobbyists, and initially there was a long waiting list for the system. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. It would serve as the model for several other significant multi-processor systems that would be among the fastest in the world. Wi-Fi The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. Physicist Stan Frankel, intrigued by small, general-purpose computers, developed the MINAC at Caltech. False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. The Jaguar was used to study climate science, seismology, and astrophysics applications. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. The First Microcomputer: The Q1 | Hackaday Answer: . The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. Under the direction of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) personal computer prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? Answer (1 of 14): There's a good argument that written mathematics or music is probably the first, a pre-specified structured set of instructions intended to transport and replicate a process. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. With a distinctive anodized aluminum case, and hailed as the first true 64-bit personal computer, the Apple G5 is the most powerful Macintosh ever released to that point. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds. (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. When was the word "computer" first used? Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. They did. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient.